赣昌象棋谱

承云医疾

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邢春波

红速胜
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松竹留青，红胜，刊象棋研究1991.2.
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邢春波

黒胜
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承云医疾

      思  维  定  势  影  响  古  谱  研  究  二  例
                 张  青  忠
  思维定势是指人们长期形成的一种习惯的思维方向，表现了人们思维的一种趋向性。

承云医疾

在古谱研究中，利用这个规律，有助于我们运用积累的经验去解决新问题，有积极的一面。但在思维定势过程中，也往往伴随出现思维的惰性，它妨碍着思维的灵活性，更不利于创造思维的发展，甚至会导致错误的结论。【待续】

承云医疾

图一
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[DhtmlXQ_title]松竹留青[/DhtmlXQ_title]
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承云医疾

  例如图一是《湖涯集》所载的“馈礼求和”，由于大家都明白该局有这样的陷阱：首着红如走后车平六，则车4退2；车一平六车4退1；炮一进七象7进9！黑胜定。
  正是由于这个陷阱留给我们的教训太深刻了，加之这类古局在古谱中司空见惯（如古局“火烧连营”，“赤壁鏖兵”等等），使人们形成了这样的习惯思维方向：“首着只能照搬原谱走前兵进一”，从而注定了一百多年来，我们不可能对该局有新的理解！而只能沿袭原谱首着兵五进一，导致谬误流传深远。【待续】

承云医疾

  事实上，只要我们摒弃上述思维定势的消极影响，抓住该局的本质属性，对比它与同类古局的异同，就不会生搬硬套，把在一定条件下形成的经验，僵化地，固定不变地加以运用，造成相互混淆的局面。限于篇幅，这里不一一列举对此局泛泛地进行对比（若选对比局“火烧连营”可参阅《棋友》85年第6期拙作；如选《赤壁鏖兵》可参见《象棋》88年第6期拙作），该局的原正和着法也从略（“馈”局原着法多处有误，它类同《蕉竹斋》中“小鸳鸯”，黑3.9位添卒，“小”局着法同馈局，但修正了错误），笔者仅列举如下红胜着法：

承云医疾

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承云医疾

  现在我们可以看到，以上着法并不太深奥，关键问题是我们受了思维定势的消极影响，产生了思维惰性，从而束搏了创造性思维的开发。【待续】

承云医疾

下面再举一例。图二是《蕉竹斋汇编》所载的“莺歌燕舞”局。结果走成和局。
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承云医疾

下面再举一例。图二是《蕉竹斋汇编》所载的“莺歌燕舞”局。结果走成和局。
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承云医疾

  这种着法显然是受古局“七星聚会”，“叶底藏莺”等的着法思维定势的影响，从而忽视了首着也可以前炮平四，结果红胜。关于这路变化早在《象棋》83年第3期上，就由陈日旭，陈炳涛二位先生以题为“农场职工棋高一着，推翻古谱百年定论”发表过专文。【待续】

承云医疾

现照录如下
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承云医疾

  这段着法注释甚多，，从略，但笔者肯定它基本正确。作者认为这是“农场职工棋高一着”的结晶，其中包含了职工们不受思维定势的影响，能够较好的发挥创造性思维等因素在内。
  由此可见，不受思维定势的消极影响，勤于思考，敢于想象，大胆创新，才能在古谱研究中把握方向，独辟蹊径，把古谱诠注。【全文完，小有删节】此文刊象棋研究89.2.

yjr123

老的思维定势也可以胜

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[DhtmlXQ_comment3]红方胜定[/DhtmlXQ_comment3]
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铸剑为锄，和[DhtmlXQ]
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[/DhtmlXQ]，1988.2.棋友

承云医疾

棋友88.3.论文图三

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承云医疾

论文图四
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邢春波

红胜
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棋友88.3.论文图三[/DhtmlXQ_title]
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邢春波

红胜
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承云医疾

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承云医疾

闻风知变，张青忠，红胜，刊象棋报第120期
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